Covalent bond formation occurs when two or more nonmetallic elements share one or more pairs of electrons.

- It is a type of chemical bond involving the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

- When the electronegativities of the two atoms are similar enough, the electrons are equally shared between the two atoms.

- If the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms is significant, the electrons are shared unevenly, resulting in a polar covalent bond.