These pH values are determined using a logarithmic scale that measures the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) present. This scale ranges from 0 to 14, with acidity levels increasing as they move away from the neutral point of 7.
Here is a more detailed definition of an acidic and a basic solution:
- An acidic solution is one in which the hydrogen ion concentration exceeds the hydroxide ion concentration. This excess of H+ ions lowers the pH value below 7 and gives acids their sour taste, corrosive nature, and ability to react with metals to produce salts.
- A basic solution, also called an alkaline solution, is one in which the hydroxide ion concentration exceeds the hydrogen ion concentration. The higher hydroxide concentration results in a pH value above 7, making these solutions slippery and bitter in taste. Bases can react with acids to produce salts and water, and they often feel soapy or slippery to the touch.
