Particulate matter is a complex mixture of solid and liquid particles suspended in the air. PM can come from a variety of sources, including wildfires, industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust, and agricultural activities. In wildfires, PM is primarily composed of fine particles (PM2.5), which are less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter. PM2.5 can easily reach deep into the lungs when inhaled, and has been linked to a number of adverse health effects, including respiratory and cardiovascular problems.
Ozone is a gas that is formed when sunlight reacts with oxygen and other pollutants in the air. Ozone is a major component of smog, and can irritate the eyes, nose, and throat. Ozone can also contribute to respiratory problems, including asthma and bronchitis.
Nitrogen dioxide is a gas that is produced when fuels are burned. NO2 can irritate the eyes, nose, and throat. NO2 can also contribute to respiratory problems, including asthma and bronchitis.
Carbon monoxide is a gas that is produced when fuels are burned. CO can cause headaches, dizziness, nausea, and fatigue. CO can also be fatal if it is inhaled in high concentrations.
Volatile organic compounds are a group of chemicals that are emitted from a variety of sources, including trees, plants, and industrial processes. VOCs can contribute to the formation of ozone and smog. Some VOCs can also be toxic, and can cause a variety of health effects, including cancer, reproductive problems, and developmental problems.
The composition of wildfire smoke can vary depending on the type of vegetation that is burning, the temperature of the fire, and the weather conditions. However, the pollutants listed above are typically found in wildfire smoke.
