1. Transcription: This process takes place in the nucleus and involves copying the genetic information from a gene in DNA into a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule. The mRNA then travels out of the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
2. Translation: This process occurs in the cytoplasm, specifically at ribosomes. Here, the mRNA molecule is used as a template to assemble amino acids into a specific polypeptide chain, following the genetic code. The polypeptide chain then folds into its functional three-dimensional protein structure.
Together, these two processes ensure that the genetic information encoded in DNA is accurately translated into functional proteins.
