Ecology studies how organisms interact with each other and their environment, including:
* Biotic interactions: Relationships between living things, such as predation, competition, parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism.
* Abiotic interactions: Relationships between living things and their non-living environment, such as temperature, water availability, sunlight, and soil composition.
* Ecosystem dynamics: How energy flows and nutrients cycle through an ecosystem.
* Population dynamics: How populations of organisms grow, shrink, and interact with each other.
* Community ecology: How different species interact within a particular habitat.
