Here's a breakdown:
* Prokaryotic cells:
* Lack a membrane-bound nucleus. Their genetic material (DNA) is located in a region called the nucleoid, but it's not enclosed within a membrane.
* Generally smaller and simpler in structure compared to eukaryotic cells.
* Include bacteria and archaea.
* Eukaryotic cells:
* Have a true nucleus, which contains their DNA enclosed within a membrane.
* Possess membrane-bound organelles (like mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum), which perform specialized functions within the cell.
* Are larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells.
* Include plants, animals, fungi, and protists.
Therefore, the presence or absence of a true nucleus is the defining characteristic that distinguishes prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
