1. Plasma Membrane (Cell Membrane):
* The outer boundary of the cell, acting as a selective barrier.
* Controls what enters and exits the cell.
2. Cytoplasm:
* The gel-like substance that fills the cell.
* Contains various organelles (tiny structures) and dissolved molecules.
3. Organelles:
* Nucleus: Contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities.
* Ribosomes: Sites of protein synthesis.
* Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
* Rough ER: Has ribosomes attached, involved in protein synthesis.
* Smooth ER: Lacks ribosomes, involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.
* Golgi Apparatus: Processes and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or use within the cell.
* Mitochondria: Powerhouses of the cell, responsible for ATP (energy) production.
* Lysosomes: Contain enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.
* Peroxisomes: Detoxify harmful substances.
* Vacuoles: Storage compartments for water, nutrients, and waste products. (Larger in plant cells).
4. Cytoskeleton:
* Network of protein filaments that provides support, shape, and movement to the cell.
* Includes:
* Microtubules: Help with cell division, movement of organelles, and cell shape.
* Microfilaments: Involved in muscle contraction and cell shape.
* Intermediate filaments: Provide structural support.
5. Inclusions:
* Non-living components of the cell.
* Examples:
* Glycogen granules: Storage form of glucose.
* Lipid droplets: Storage form of fat.
* Pigments: Provide color to cells.
Key Differences Between Animal and Plant Cells:
* Cell wall: Plant cells have a rigid cell wall made of cellulose that provides support and structure. Animal cells lack a cell wall.
* Chloroplasts: Plant cells have chloroplasts, which contain chlorophyll and are responsible for photosynthesis. Animal cells lack chloroplasts.
* Vacuoles: Plant cells have a large central vacuole that stores water, nutrients, and waste products. Animal cells have smaller vacuoles.
Important Note: This is a basic overview. The specific components and their functions can vary depending on the type of cell and its function within the body.
