Here's a breakdown:

* Chromosomes: These are thread-like structures found in the nucleus of every cell. They are made up of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and proteins.

* Genes: Genes are specific segments of DNA that contain the instructions for building and maintaining an organism. They are like blueprints that determine traits like eye color, hair color, height, and even susceptibility to certain diseases.

* Traits: These are the characteristics or features that are passed down from parents to offspring.

How it works:

1. DNA: DNA is like a code book containing all the instructions for building an organism.

2. Genes: Genes are specific sections of this code book. Each gene holds instructions for a specific trait.

3. Chromosomes: Chromosomes are the organized structures that hold the DNA. Think of them as the folders that keep the code book organized.

4. Inheritance: When organisms reproduce, they pass on copies of their chromosomes (and therefore their genes) to their offspring. This is how traits are inherited.

In summary: Genes, located on chromosomes, control traits by providing the instructions for building and maintaining an organism's characteristics.