1. Phospholipids: These are the primary structural component of the membrane. They form a bilayer, with their hydrophilic heads facing the watery environments inside and outside the cell, and their hydrophobic tails pointing inwards, creating a barrier that separates the cell's interior from its surroundings.

2. Proteins: These are embedded within the phospholipid bilayer, and perform a variety of functions, including:

* Transport: Moving molecules across the membrane.

* Signaling: Receiving and transmitting signals.

* Enzymatic activity: Catalyzing biochemical reactions.

* Cell recognition: Identifying and interacting with other cells.

While phospholipids and proteins are the main components, there are other minor components like cholesterol and carbohydrates that also play important roles in the structure and function of the membrane.