1. Cytokinesis (Cell Division): This is the actual division of the cytoplasm and the physical separation of the two newly formed daughter cells.
2. G1 Phase (First Gap): This is the period of cell growth and normal metabolic function. The cell synthesizes proteins, organelles, and other cellular components.
3. S Phase (Synthesis): The cell replicates its entire DNA, ensuring that each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes.
4. G2 Phase (Second Gap): This is another period of growth and preparation for mitosis. The cell continues to grow and synthesize proteins necessary for mitosis.
5. M Phase (Mitosis): This is the actual process of nuclear division. It involves the following stages:
* Prophase: Chromosomes condense and become visible, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and spindle fibers form.
* Metaphase: Chromosomes line up at the middle of the cell, attached to the spindle fibers.
* Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.
* Telophase: Chromosomes decondense, the nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes, and the cell begins to divide.
6. Back to G1 Phase: After cytokinesis, the daughter cells enter G1 phase, beginning a new cycle.
This cycle continues as long as the cell is healthy and receives signals to divide.
