Here's why:
* Meiosis: During meiosis (cell division that produces gametes), the two alleles of a gene separate. This means that each gamete receives only one copy of the gene.
* Equal Segregation: The process of meiosis ensures that each allele has an equal chance of ending up in a gamete. Therefore, a Gg individual will produce 50% of gametes with the G allele and 50% of gametes with the g allele.
Example:
A plant with the Gg genotype for flower color (G = purple, g = white) will produce:
* 50% of gametes carrying the G allele (purple)
* 50% of gametes carrying the g allele (white)