1. Neurons:

* Function: Neurons are the fundamental units of the nervous system, responsible for transmitting information throughout the body. They receive, process, and transmit signals using electrical and chemical means.

* Structure: Neurons have a cell body (soma), dendrites, and an axon.

* Soma (cell body): Contains the nucleus and other organelles essential for cell function.

* Dendrites: Branching extensions that receive signals from other neurons.

* Axon: A long, slender projection that transmits signals away from the cell body.

* Types: There are different types of neurons based on their structure and function, including:

* Motor neurons: Carry signals from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands.

* Sensory neurons: Carry signals from sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord.

* Interneurons: Connect neurons within the brain and spinal cord.

2. Glial Cells (Neuroglia):

* Function: Glial cells provide support and protection for neurons, playing a vital role in the nervous system's overall function.

* Types: There are several types of glial cells, each with specific functions:

* Astrocytes: Provide structural support, regulate the blood-brain barrier, and maintain the chemical environment around neurons.

* Oligodendrocytes (CNS) and Schwann cells (PNS): Form myelin sheaths around axons, which insulate the axons and increase the speed of signal transmission.

* Microglia: Act as immune cells in the nervous system, clearing debris and fighting infections.

* Ependymal cells: Line the ventricles of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord, producing cerebrospinal fluid.

In summary: Nervous tissue is composed of neurons, which are responsible for transmitting information, and glial cells, which provide support, protection, and other essential functions for neurons.