1. Insulin: Insulin is a hormone crucial for regulating blood sugar levels. Before the advent of biotechnology, insulin was extracted from the pancreases of pigs and cows. However, this was an expensive and often unreliable process. Biotechnology allowed for the production of human insulin through genetic engineering. This involved inserting the human insulin gene into bacteria, which then produced large quantities of pure, human insulin. This has revolutionized the treatment of diabetes, making it more effective and accessible.

2. Genetically Modified Crops (GMOs): Biotechnology plays a major role in the development of genetically modified crops. These crops have had their genetic makeup altered to introduce desirable traits, such as pest resistance, herbicide tolerance, or improved nutritional content. GMOs have the potential to increase crop yields, reduce reliance on pesticides, and enhance the nutritional value of food. This can have significant benefits for agriculture and global food security.