More formal:
* Microbe: This is the most common and generally acceptable synonym.
* Germ: Often used in the context of disease-causing microorganisms.
* Microbe: Similar to "microbe," but sometimes considered more scientific.
More specific:
* Bacterium: Refers specifically to single-celled prokaryotic organisms.
* Fungus: Refers to eukaryotic organisms that include yeasts, molds, and mushrooms.
* Virus: Refers to non-living infectious agents that require a host cell to replicate.
Other options:
* Minute organism: A general descriptor emphasizing their small size.
* Tiny life: Another general descriptor, often used in informal contexts.
Ultimately, the best synonym will depend on the specific context and the nuance you want to convey.