1. DNA in the nucleus contains the genetic code: This code is a blueprint for making all the proteins a cell needs.
2. Transcription: A copy of the DNA sequence for a specific protein is made in the form of messenger RNA (mRNA). This happens within the nucleus.
3. mRNA exits the nucleus: The mRNA molecule travels out of the nucleus through pores in the nuclear envelope.
4. Translation: The mRNA molecule binds to a ribosome in the cytoplasm. The ribosome reads the mRNA code and assembles amino acids into a protein chain, following the instructions from the DNA.
So, the nucleus acts like a control center, providing the blueprint for protein synthesis, but the actual protein construction happens outside the nucleus at the ribosomes.