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  • The Nucleus & Protein Synthesis: How Cells Build Proteins
    The nucleus doesn't directly make proteins. It's the ribosomes that synthesize proteins, and the nucleus plays a vital role in providing the instructions for protein synthesis. Here's how it works:

    1. DNA in the nucleus contains the genetic code: This code is a blueprint for making all the proteins a cell needs.

    2. Transcription: A copy of the DNA sequence for a specific protein is made in the form of messenger RNA (mRNA). This happens within the nucleus.

    3. mRNA exits the nucleus: The mRNA molecule travels out of the nucleus through pores in the nuclear envelope.

    4. Translation: The mRNA molecule binds to a ribosome in the cytoplasm. The ribosome reads the mRNA code and assembles amino acids into a protein chain, following the instructions from the DNA.

    So, the nucleus acts like a control center, providing the blueprint for protein synthesis, but the actual protein construction happens outside the nucleus at the ribosomes.

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