1. Observations: This is the foundation of science. Scientists make observations of the world around them, collecting data and noticing patterns.

2. Explanation: Based on their observations, scientists develop explanations for what they see. These explanations can take the form of theories, hypotheses, or models. They are then tested and refined through further observations and experimentation.

These two components work together in a cyclical process. Observations lead to explanations, which then lead to more focused observations and experiments, and so on. This iterative process helps to refine our understanding of the natural world.