1. Carbohydrates: These are the primary source of energy for living organisms. They are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Examples include sugars, starches, and cellulose.
2. Lipids (Fats and Oils): These are important for energy storage, insulation, and cell membrane structure. They are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but with a higher proportion of carbon and hydrogen. Examples include triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids.
3. Proteins: These are the building blocks of cells and tissues. They are involved in a wide range of functions, including enzyme catalysis, transport, and structural support. Proteins are composed of amino acids, which are linked together in long chains.
4. Nucleic Acids: These molecules carry genetic information and are responsible for protein synthesis. There are two main types of nucleic acids: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). They are composed of nucleotides, which consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
