Here's a breakdown:

* Archaeological Periods: These are broad divisions of time based on significant changes in material culture, such as the development of new tools, pottery, or burial practices. Examples include the Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic, Bronze Age, and Iron Age.

* Tool Technologies: These are specific ways of making and using tools, which reflect the level of technological advancement and adaptation to the environment. Some key tool technologies include the Oldowan, Acheulean, Mousterian, and Upper Paleolithic tool industries.

Beyond these, anthropologists also consider other factors, such as:

* Settlement patterns: How people lived, whether nomadic or settled in villages.

* Social organization: How people interacted and structured their societies.

* Subsistence strategies: How people obtained food and resources.

* Art and symbolism: Expressions of culture through art, decoration, and ritual practices.

These elements, taken together, help anthropologists reconstruct the lives and cultures of our ancestors.