Gregor Mendel, often called the "father of modern genetics," didn't exactly have laws in the traditional sense. He formulated principles based on his observations of pea plant inheritance. These principles, sometimes referred to as Mendel's Laws, are:

1. The Principle of Segregation: Each inherited trait is determined by two alleles (alternative forms of a gene), one inherited from each parent. These alleles separate during gamete formation (meiosis), so each gamete receives only one allele for each trait.

2. The Principle of Independent Assortment: Alleles for different traits segregate independently of one another during gamete formation. In other words, the inheritance of one trait doesn't influence the inheritance of another.

3. The Principle of Dominance: In a heterozygote (an individual with two different alleles for a trait), one allele, the dominant allele, masks the expression of the other allele, the recessive allele.

These principles are the foundation of modern genetics and are used to understand how traits are passed from parents to offspring. It's important to note that these principles have some exceptions and nuances, but they provide a fundamental understanding of inheritance.