1. Attachment: The virus attaches to the cell's surface, binding to specific receptors on the cell membrane.

2. Entry: The virus enters the cell through different mechanisms depending on the virus type:

* Fusion: The viral envelope fuses with the cell membrane, releasing the viral contents into the cytoplasm.

* Endocytosis: The cell engulfs the virus, forming a vesicle that carries the virus inside.

3. Replication: Once inside the cell, the virus uses the host cell's machinery to replicate its genetic material (DNA or RNA) and produce viral proteins.

4. Assembly: Newly synthesized viral components (nucleic acids, proteins) assemble into new viral particles.

5. Release: The newly assembled viruses are released from the host cell:

* Lysis: The cell bursts, releasing the viruses.

* Budding: Viruses bud from the cell membrane, acquiring an envelope.

Consequences:

* Cell death: Some viruses kill the infected cell by disrupting its normal functions.

* Disease: Viral replication and cell damage can cause disease symptoms.

* Latency: Some viruses can remain dormant within the cell for long periods, potentially reactivating later.

* Immune response: The infected cell may trigger the host's immune system to fight the virus.

Important Note: Different viruses have different mechanisms for entering and replicating within cells. This is why some viruses infect specific cell types while others can infect a broader range of cells.