Here's how it works:
* Xylem is made up of long, hollow cells that are connected end-to-end.
* These cells are dead, but their cell walls remain, forming a continuous tube.
* Water enters the xylem at the roots, where it is absorbed from the soil.
* The water is then transported upwards through the xylem, driven by a combination of forces:
* Transpiration: Water evaporates from the leaves, creating a negative pressure that pulls water up the xylem.
* Capillary action: The narrow diameter of the xylem vessels allows water to climb upwards due to surface tension.
* Root pressure: The roots actively pump water into the xylem.
The xylem carries the water to all parts of the plant, including the leaves, stems, and flowers. This water is essential for photosynthesis, cell growth, and maintaining the plant's structure.
