- Water cycling / Hydrology: The water cycle is the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. It is a complex system that includes many different processes, such as evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, and runoff. The biosphere interacts with the hydrosphere through the water cycle by using water for photosynthesis, transpiring water vapor into the atmosphere, and influencing the rate of evaporation and precipitation. The cycling of water ensures the availability of fresh water for all living creatures and regulate Earth's climate and temperature.
- Nutrient cycling / Biogeochemical cycles: Biogeochemical cycles are the movement of nutrients through the biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere. Through the biogeochemical cycles the hydrosphere connects with the biosphere. One of the most relevant ways is the cycling of nutrients such as carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous. These are fundamental elements for life on Earth and their transport through the hydrological system is vital. Through the process of rainfall these elements are transported into the soils and taken up by plants.
