In science, ES often refers to "environmental science." Environmental science is an interdisciplinary academic field that integrates physical, biological, and social sciences to study the environment and address environmental issues. It examines interactions between the natural environment and human activities, aiming to understand, protect, and restore the environment while ensuring sustainable development.

Environmental science includes various areas of study, such as pollution control, climate change, conservation of natural resources, ecosystem management, sustainability, public health, toxicology, environmental impact assessment, ecology, hydrology, geology, chemistry, biology, and environmental law. The ultimate goal of environmental science is to promote harmony between humans and their surrounding environment for present and future generations.