1. Energy: All organisms need energy to grow and carry out life's processes. This energy comes in different forms, such as food, sunlight, or chemicals.

2. Water: Water is essential for organisms for many processes, including transporting nutrients, regulating body temperature, and facilitating chemical reactions.

3. Oxygen: Most organisms require oxygen for cellular respiration, which generates the energy they need for survival.

4. Nutrients: Nutrients are necessary for building and repairing tissues, synthesizing molecules, and producing energy. Different organisms have different nutritional requirements.