1. Forebrain or Prosencephalon:

* Comprises the cerebral hemispheres (cerebrum) and the basal ganglia.

* Responsible for higher cognitive functions such as thinking, memory, language, and voluntary movement.

* Major structures:

* Cerebral cortex: Responsible for complex information processing, decision-making, and sensory perception.

* Limbic system: Involved in emotion, behavior, motivation, and memory formation.

2. Midbrain or Mesencephalon:

* Connects the forebrain to the hindbrain.

* Acts as a relay center for visual and auditory information.

* Major structures:

* Superior colliculus: Coordinates eye movements and spatial orientation.

* Inferior colliculus: Processes auditory information.

* Substantia nigra: Plays a crucial role in motor control, particularly in movement initiation.

3. Hindbrain or Rhombencephalon:

* Consists of the medulla oblongata, pons, and cerebellum.

* Controls essential bodily functions such as heartbeat, breathing, sleep-wake cycles, and balance.

* Major structures:

* Medulla oblongata: Contains vital reflex centers for respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure.

* Pons: Connects the brain to the cerebellum; involved in relaying sensory and motor information.

* Cerebellum: Controls coordination, balance, and smooth muscle movements.