1. Monocotyledons (monocots):
- Have one cotyledon in their seeds.
- Typically possess parallel leaf venation, where the veins run parallel to each other.
- Flower parts are usually in multiples of three (e.g., three petals, three sepals).
- Have fibrous root systems with adventitious roots arising from the base of the stem.
- Examples of monocots include grasses, lilies, orchids, and palms.
2. Dicotyledons (dicots):
- Have two cotyledons in their seeds.
- Usually possess net-like or reticulate leaf venation, where the veins form a network.
- Flower parts are often in multiples of four or five (e.g., four petals, five sepals).
- Have a taproot system, with one main root extending down from the stem.
- Examples of dicots include roses, sunflowers, daisies, and beans.
Further classification of angiosperms is based on various characteristics such as flower structure, pollen morphology, ovary position, and fruit type. This leads to the division of angiosperms into different orders, families, genera, and species. The system of classification used for angiosperms is called the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) system, which aims to reflect evolutionary relationships among plant species.
