Mitosis results in the formation of genetically identical daughter cells from a single parent cell. The parent cell and daughter cells are related through the process of replication that precedes mitosis. During replication, the DNA in the parent cell completely replicates itself, resulting in two copies of each chromosome.

When mitosis occurs, these replicated chromosomes are distributed equally into two new daughter cells. This ensures that each daughter cell receives the same genetic information as the parent cell, consisting of the exact copies of the original chromosomes. In summary, the relationship between the parent cell and daughter cells after mitosis is one of genetic identity, with the daughter cells being genetically identical to the parent cell.