1. Exchanges energy and/or matter with the surroundings. An open system is not isolated from its environment and interacts with it in some way. For example, a plant exchanges energy with the sun and carbon dioxide from the air, while a human exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide with the air and food and water with the environment.

2. Has a definite boundary. The boundary of an open system separates it from its surroundings and defines the region of space in which the system exists. For example, the boundary of a plant is the surface of the plant body, while the boundary of a human is the skin.

3. Has a steady state or dynamic equilibrium. An open system is either in a steady state or a dynamic equilibrium. In a steady state, the system's properties do not change over time, while in a dynamic equilibrium, the system's properties fluctuate but remain within a certain range. For example, a plant is in a steady state when it is growing at a constant rate, while a human is in a dynamic equilibrium when their body temperature fluctuates within a certain range.

Closed system

1. Does not exchange energy or matter with the surroundings. A closed system is isolated from its environment and does not interact with it in any way. For example, a sealed container of gas is a closed system.

2. Has a definite boundary. The boundary of a closed system separates it from its surroundings and defines the region of space in which the system exists. For example, the boundary of a sealed container of gas is the wall of the container.

3. Has a fixed amount of energy and matter. The amount of energy and matter in a closed system is constant and does not change over time. For example, the amount of energy and matter in a sealed container of gas is constant.

Isolated system

1. Does not exchange energy or matter with the surroundings. An isolated system is completely isolated from its environment and does not interact with it in any way. For example, the universe is an isolated system.

2. Does not have a definite boundary. Since an isolated system does not interact with its surroundings, it does not have a boundary that separates it from its surroundings.

3. Has a fixed amount of energy and matter. The amount of energy and matter in an isolated system is constant and does not change over time. For example, the amount of energy and matter in the universe is constant.