- Two reproductive cells: a male gamete and a female gamete. Typically, eggs are the female gametes, and sperm are the male gametes, however, many species deviate from this binary concept of sex.
- Genetic material from both parents to form offspring carrying some traits common to both.
- Fertilization or the union of the gametes in the formation of a new individual through mating or in a laboratory dish for in-vitro fertilisation (IVF).
