Mitosis and meiosis are the two main types of cellular division. Mitosis is the process by which a cell divides into two identical daughter cells, while meiosis is the process by which a cell divides into four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Mitosis occurs during the M (mitosis) phase of the cell cycle, while meiosis occurs during the M II (meiosis II) phase of the cell cycle.