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Saturn, the sixth planet from the Sun, is famous for its iconic rings and its classification as a gas giant. Unlike terrestrial planets, Saturn lacks a solid crust, mantle, or core in the traditional sense; instead, it features a multi‑layered atmosphere that gradually transitions into a fluid interior.
The planet’s bulk is overwhelmingly hydrogen and helium—about 96% of its mass. Trace amounts of ammonia, methane, and water vapor are also present, along with aerosols of ammonia ice, water ice, and ammonium hydrosulfide that contribute to the distinctive colors of its cloud bands.
Saturn is the least dense planet in the Solar System, with a mean density of 0.687 g cm⁻³, highlighting its fluid interior.
