While meteors are a part of the Earth's atmosphere, their origin and behavior are primarily determined by celestial objects and processes. Astronomy deals with the study of celestial objects and phenomena, including:

* The formation and evolution of the solar system: This includes the formation of asteroids and comets, which are the source of meteors.

* The composition and structure of celestial bodies: Understanding the composition of asteroids and comets helps us understand the makeup of meteors.

* The dynamics of celestial objects: Astronomers study the orbits of asteroids and comets, allowing us to predict meteor showers and the paths of individual meteors.

Therefore, astronomy is the primary branch of science that encompasses the study of meteors.