Here's the breakdown:
* The moon doesn't produce its own light. It reflects sunlight.
* The moon's orbit around Earth takes about a month. As it orbits, the angle at which the sun shines on the moon changes.
* We see different amounts of the illuminated side of the moon throughout the month, creating the phases.
So, while the moon might *appear* to be missing "bits" when it's not full, it's actually just showing us different amounts of its illuminated side.
Hope this helps!