One strong example of an allusion in "A Thousand Splendid Suns" is the frequent reference to the story of Mariam and Yusuf. This is not a real historical story, but it functions as a powerful allusion to a classic literary trope – the orphan's tale.

Here's how it works:

* The Story: Mariam, born out of wedlock and ostracized, sees herself as a burden on her mother Nana. Her story evokes the common literary theme of the orphan who faces hardship and seeks acceptance.

* Allusion: By weaving this narrative into the larger story, Hosseini draws parallels to other well-known orphan narratives, such as Jane Eyre, Oliver Twist, or even Cinderella. These parallels enhance Mariam's plight and emphasize her struggle against societal expectations.

Other allusions in the book:

* The title itself: "A Thousand Splendid Suns" alludes to a line of poetry by the 17th-century Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan, describing the beauty of his beloved city, Kabul. This adds a layer of historical and cultural significance to the novel's setting.

* Religious references: The novel frequently references Islamic traditions, religious figures like Prophet Muhammad, and the Quran. This provides context for the characters' beliefs and actions within the context of Afghan society.

By skillfully using allusions, Khaled Hosseini enriches the narrative of "A Thousand Splendid Suns" and creates a deeper understanding of the characters and their struggles.