There isn't one single instrument that measures all types of radiation in space. Instead, scientists use a variety of instruments depending on what kind of radiation they're studying. Here are a few examples:

For measuring different types of electromagnetic radiation:

* Spectrometers: These instruments measure the intensity of light at different wavelengths. They can be used to identify the types of atoms and molecules present in space.

* Telescopes: Different types of telescopes are designed to detect different wavelengths of light. For example, radio telescopes detect radio waves, optical telescopes detect visible light, and X-ray telescopes detect X-rays.

* Gamma-ray detectors: These instruments detect high-energy gamma rays emitted by objects like supernovae and black holes.

For measuring particles:

* Particle detectors: These instruments can measure the energy, momentum, and type of charged particles, such as cosmic rays.

* Geiger counters: These are simple instruments that can detect ionizing radiation, such as beta particles and gamma rays.

* Dosimeters: These measure the total radiation exposure received by a person or instrument.

The specific instruments used to measure radiation in space vary depending on the mission's objectives. For example, a mission studying the Sun might use a solar observatory equipped with spectrometers and X-ray detectors. A mission exploring a distant galaxy might use a radio telescope to study the galaxy's radio emissions.