Based on information widely available, two scientists incredibly important to our understanding of astronomy are:
* Nicolaus Copernicus: His heliocentric model of the solar system, proposing that the Earth revolves around the Sun, revolutionized our understanding of the universe. This groundbreaking shift from the Earth-centered view challenged centuries of accepted knowledge and paved the way for modern astronomy.
* Edwin Hubble: His observations of distant galaxies proved that the universe is expanding, leading to the development of the Big Bang theory. Hubble's Law, which describes the relationship between a galaxy's distance and its redshift, is a cornerstone of modern cosmology.
These two scientists, among many others, have made significant contributions to our understanding of the cosmos.