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  • Venus Exploration: A History of Robotic and Satellite Missions
    There haven't been any robots sent to explore the surface of Venus. The extreme heat and pressure on Venus make it very difficult for robots to survive.

    However, there have been several satellites sent to study Venus:

    * Mariner 2 (1962): The first successful flyby of Venus, it collected data about the planet's atmosphere and temperature.

    * Venera 4 (1967): The first probe to enter Venus's atmosphere and send back data.

    * Venera 7 (1970): The first probe to successfully land on Venus, although it only lasted for 23 minutes.

    * Magellan (1989-1994): This mission mapped the surface of Venus using radar, giving us the first detailed images of the planet.

    * Venus Express (2006-2014): This mission studied the atmosphere and surface of Venus from orbit, providing insights into the planet's climate and geology.

    * Akatsuki (2010-present): This Japanese mission is currently orbiting Venus, studying its atmosphere and weather patterns.

    It's important to note that no spacecraft has landed on Venus since the Venera program in the 1970s and 1980s. The extreme conditions make it extremely challenging to design a probe that can survive for more than a short time on the surface.

    However, there are ongoing plans for future missions to Venus, including the VERITAS mission by NASA, which is expected to launch in the late 2020s. This mission will use radar to create detailed 3D maps of the planet's surface, and will also study its atmosphere.

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