1. Plane (Gliding) Joints:
* Shape: Flat or slightly curved surfaces.
* Movement: Gliding or sliding movements.
* Examples: Intercarpal joints, intertarsal joints, acromioclavicular joint.
2. Hinge Joints:
* Shape: One bone with a convex surface that fits into a concave surface on the other bone.
* Movement: Uniaxial, allowing flexion and extension.
* Examples: Elbow joint, knee joint, ankle joint, interphalangeal joints.
3. Pivot Joints:
* Shape: One bone with a rounded or pointed projection that fits into a ring formed by another bone and ligaments.
* Movement: Uniaxial, allowing rotation around a central axis.
* Examples: Atlantoaxial joint (between the first and second cervical vertebrae), radioulnar joint (between the radius and ulna).
4. Condyloid (Ellipsoidal) Joints:
* Shape: One bone with an oval-shaped condyle that fits into an elliptical cavity on the other bone.
* Movement: Biaxial, allowing flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction.
* Examples: Metacarpophalangeal joints (knuckles), wrist joint.
5. Saddle Joints:
* Shape: Each bone has a concave surface in one direction and a convex surface in the other, resembling a saddle.
* Movement: Biaxial, allowing flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and limited circumduction.
* Examples: Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb.
6. Ball-and-Socket Joints:
* Shape: A spherical head of one bone fits into a cup-like socket of another bone.
* Movement: Triaxial, allowing flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction.
* Examples: Shoulder joint, hip joint.
