Lower academic achievement: Retained students tend to fall further behind their peers academically, and this gap can persist for several years.
Lower self-esteem: Retention can damage a child's self-esteem and motivation to learn, which can have long-term negative effects on their academic success.
Increased dropout rates: Retained students are more likely to drop out of school than their peers who were not retained.
Increased behavioural problems: Retention can lead to increased behavioural problems in children, such as aggression and withdrawal.
Social isolation: Retained students may feel socially isolated from their peers, who are now a year ahead of them.
Financial burden: Retention can be a financial burden for families, as they may have to pay for additional tutoring or summer school to help their child catch up.
Overall, the research evidence suggests that primary-grade retention is a harmful practice that should be avoided whenever possible.
