(Phys.org)—A small team of researchers at Stanford University has found a link between gender diversity in research efforts and gender and sex-related factors in the results that are found. In their paper published in in the journal Nature Human Behavior, the team describes comparing research papers co-authored by female researchers with outcomes and found differences in the results.

Over the past several decades, medical researchers have found that there are a lot more differences between the sexes than reproduction. Thus, males and females quite often experience different medical problems, which in turn require different types of treatments. But, as the researchers with this new effort note, the extent to which medical research includes different outcomes for males versus females is still not taken into account as often as it should be, particularly when the researchers are mostly or all male.

In analyzing approximately 1.5 million medical research papers published during the years 2008 to 2015, they found that if a female researcher was listed as the first (indicating she was a major contributor to the research) or last author (indicating that she was the study lead), then the likelihood of the research including results for both males and females was much higher.

These figures, the researchers point out, suggest that gender diversity is an important factor in medical research efforts. It is not a small point, as they note—of the 10 drugs withdrawn from use back in 2001, eight were found to pose a greater risk for female patients. Women are also more likely to die from cardiovascular disease than men, they note, because female patients are so seldom seen in clinical studies for the disease. And it is not all skewed against women—osteoporosis, they point out, often goes undiagnosed and untreated in men simply because doctors are trained to look for it in women.

The group also highlights the fact that in medical research, gender and sex categorizations are not the same thing. Sex, they note, is a biological characteristic, whereas gender involves social behaviors and attitudes. Both must be accounted for when conducting research to ensure that all possible outcomes are found.

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