Graphene, a one-atom-thick layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice, is the strongest material ever measured. It is 200 times stronger than steel and has a tensile strength of 130 gigapascals (GPa). This means that it would take a force of 130 billion newtons to break a single square meter of graphene.

However, despite its incredible strength, graphene is also very brittle. This means that it can be easily shattered if it is subjected to a sudden force.

Now, scientists at the University of Manchester have figured out how to shatter graphene without breaking it. They did this by using a technique called "nanoindentation." In this technique, a sharp tip is used to press on the surface of the graphene until it breaks. The key to the technique is to use a very small tip and to apply the force very slowly.

This allows the graphene to deform and stretch before it breaks, which prevents it from shattering. The scientists were able to use this technique to create tiny holes in graphene, which could be used to make new materials and devices.

The ability to shatter graphene without breaking it is a major breakthrough that could lead to a wide range of new applications for this material. For example, graphene could be used to make stronger and lighter materials for use in cars, airplanes, and other vehicles. It could also be used to make new electronic devices, such as flexible displays and batteries.

The possibilities are endless, and scientists are just beginning to explore the potential of this remarkable material.

Here is a more detailed explanation of the nanoindentation technique:

1. A sharp tip is brought into contact with the surface of the graphene.

2. The tip is then pressed down on the graphene until it breaks.

3. The key to the technique is to use a very small tip and to apply the force very slowly.

4. This allows the graphene to deform and stretch before it breaks, which prevents it from shattering.

The scientists were able to use this technique to create tiny holes in graphene, which could be used to make new materials and devices.

The ability to shatter graphene without breaking it is a major breakthrough that could lead to a wide range of new applications for this material.