Abstract:
Entangled polymers are ubiquitous in nature and technology, from the cytoskeleton of cells to synthetic materials like plastics and gels. Their unique flow behavior, known as flow softening, is crucial in various processes such as polymer processing, drug delivery, and biological functions. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of flow softening in entangled polymers, drawing insights from both biological systems and synthetic materials. We begin by discussing the fundamental concepts of polymer entanglement and the origin of flow softening. Next, we explore how bio-hairpins, found in proteins, and their synthetic counterparts, like polymer-spaghetti, can serve as model systems to understand flow softening. Through a comparative analysis of these systems, we highlight the key molecular mechanisms underlying flow softening. Finally, we discuss the practical implications and potential applications of flow softening in diverse fields, such as biomimetic materials design and advanced manufacturing. By bridging the worlds of biology and polymer science, this article aims to deepen our understanding of entangled polymer dynamics and inspire innovative approaches to manipulate and exploit flow softening in various contexts.
