1. In Atoms:

* Orbitals: Electrons don't orbit the nucleus like planets around a sun. Instead, they exist in regions of space called orbitals. These orbitals are defined by their energy levels and shapes. Electrons can jump between orbitals, absorbing or releasing energy in the process. This is how atoms interact with light and produce colors.

2. In Conductors (like wires):

* Drift Velocity: When a voltage is applied across a conductor, an electric field is created. This field causes electrons to move in a general direction, called the drift velocity. The electrons don't actually move very fast, but they are constantly colliding with atoms in the material. This collision slows them down, leading to resistance.

3. In Vacuum Tubes:

* Free Electrons: Electrons can be emitted from hot metal surfaces, creating a vacuum. These electrons are free to move in the vacuum, and they can be directed by electric and magnetic fields. This is how vacuum tubes, like those found in old televisions, worked.

4. In Semiconductor Devices:

* Band Theory: In semiconductors, electrons can exist in different energy bands. They can move between these bands, which allows for control of their behavior. This is the basis for transistors and other semiconductor devices.

5. In Quantum Physics:

* Wave-Particle Duality: Electrons exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties. Their motion is described by probability waves, which can be influenced by interactions with other particles or fields.

In summary, electrons move:

* Within atoms: by jumping between orbitals.

* In conductors: by drifting slowly due to an electric field.

* In vacuum tubes: freely in a vacuum.

* In semiconductors: by moving between energy bands.

* In quantum physics: by behaving like both waves and particles.

The specific behavior of electrons depends on the context and the forces acting on them.