1. Refraction:
* Definition: The wave changes direction.
* Explanation: The speed of the wave changes as it enters the new medium. The change in speed causes the wave to bend, or refract. This happens because the wave fronts (lines of constant phase) move at different speeds in the two media.
* Example: Light refracting as it passes from air into water, causing a straw to appear bent.
2. Transmission and Reflection:
* Transmission: Some of the wave's energy continues traveling through the new medium.
* Reflection: Some of the wave's energy is reflected back into the original medium.
* Factors affecting transmission and reflection: The difference in densities between the two media and the angle of incidence play significant roles. A large difference in density results in more reflection and less transmission.
3. Changes in Wave Properties:
* Wavelength: The wavelength of the wave might change as it moves from one medium to another. This is because the wave's speed changes, and wavelength is related to speed.
* Frequency: The frequency of the wave remains constant as it moves from one medium to another. This is because the frequency is determined by the source of the wave, not the medium.
4. Attenuation:
* Definition: The wave's amplitude might decrease as it travels through the new medium.
* Explanation: This happens because some of the wave's energy is absorbed by the medium, converted into heat, or reflected back.
In summary: When a wave travels from one medium to another with different densities, it undergoes refraction, transmission, reflection, changes in wavelength (possibly), and attenuation. The extent of each of these effects depends on the specific properties of the wave and the two media.
