Here's why:
* Wavelength: X-rays have wavelengths on the order of angstroms (Å), which is comparable to the spacing between atoms in crystals. This means that X-rays can interact with the electrons in the crystal lattice and diffract, creating a diffraction pattern.
* Diffraction: The diffraction pattern produced by X-rays interacting with a crystal is unique to the crystal's structure. By analyzing this pattern, scientists can determine the arrangement of atoms within the crystal.
* Technique: This technique is known as X-ray crystallography and is a powerful tool for determining the structure of molecules, proteins, and other materials.
While other electromagnetic waves, like neutrons, can also be used for crystallographic studies, X-rays are the most widely used due to their accessibility and effectiveness.
