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  • Long-Range Forces: Gravity & Electromagnetism Explained
    There are two fundamental forces that can act over very long distances:

    * Gravity: Gravity is the weakest of the fundamental forces, but it has an infinite range. This means that it acts between any two objects with mass, no matter how far apart they are. While the force of gravity is incredibly weak at long distances, it is the force that holds planets in orbit around stars, stars in galaxies, and galaxies together in clusters.

    * Electromagnetism: Electromagnetism is a much stronger force than gravity, but it acts over a finite range. However, this range can still be very long, especially in the case of static charges. For example, the electrostatic force between two charged objects can be significant even when they are separated by a large distance.

    The other two fundamental forces, the strong nuclear force and the weak nuclear force, have very short ranges and are primarily responsible for interactions within the nucleus of an atom.

    Here's a table summarizing the fundamental forces:

    | Force | Range | Strength |

    |-----------------|-------------|-------------|

    | Gravity | Infinite | Weakest |

    | Electromagnetism | Finite | Stronger |

    | Strong Nuclear | Very Short | Strongest |

    | Weak Nuclear | Very Short | Intermediate |

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