1. Matter is composed of particles: All matter is made up of tiny particles, whether it's atoms, molecules, or ions. These particles are constantly in motion.
2. Particles are in constant random motion: The particles are not stationary, but are constantly moving, vibrating, rotating, and colliding with each other and the walls of their container. The higher the temperature, the faster the particles move.
3. Particles collide with each other and the walls of their container: When particles collide, they exchange energy, which affects their motion. These collisions are responsible for the pressure exerted by a gas, and also contribute to the transfer of heat.
These three principles help explain the different states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) and various physical phenomena like pressure, temperature, and diffusion.
