The force applied over a period of time required to give a stationary object momentum is called impulse.

Here's why:

* Momentum: Momentum is the mass of an object multiplied by its velocity (p = mv). It represents the "amount of motion" an object has.

* Impulse: Impulse is the change in momentum of an object. It's calculated as the force applied to an object multiplied by the time the force acts: Impulse = Force x Time (J = FΔt)

Relationship between Impulse and Momentum:

The key relationship is that impulse equals the change in momentum. This means that if you apply a force to an object for a certain amount of time, you will change its momentum by an amount equal to the impulse.

Example:

If you hit a stationary baseball with a bat, the force of the bat applied over the short time of contact will impart momentum to the baseball, causing it to fly off. The greater the force and the longer the contact time, the greater the impulse, and the greater the change in momentum (and therefore the faster the baseball will travel).