1. Momentum: This is a measure of an object's motion and is calculated as mass x velocity. A heavier object moving at the same speed as a lighter one will have more momentum.

2. Kinetic Energy: This is the energy an object possesses due to its motion. It's calculated as 1/2 x mass x velocity squared. So, a heavier object or a faster-moving object will have more kinetic energy.

3. Force Required to Change its Motion: The more massive an object is, the harder it is to get it moving, or to stop it if it's already moving. The same applies to velocity; a faster object is harder to stop or change direction. This is related to Newton's second law of motion: Force = mass x acceleration.

4. Gravitational Force (for large masses): The gravitational force between two objects is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. So, a more massive object will exert a stronger gravitational pull on other objects.

5. Relativistic Effects (at very high speeds): As an object approaches the speed of light, its mass increases significantly. This effect is described by Einstein's theory of special relativity and becomes increasingly important at speeds close to the speed of light.

In summary: mass and velocity are fundamental properties of an object that determine its motion, energy, and how it interacts with other objects.