Here's the formal statement:

Newton's Second Law of Motion: The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.

Mathematically, this is represented as:

* F = ma

Where:

* F is the net force acting on the object (in Newtons)

* m is the mass of the object (in kilograms)

* a is the acceleration of the object (in meters per second squared)

Explanation:

* Directly proportional: If the net force increases, the acceleration increases proportionally.

* Inversely proportional: If the mass increases, the acceleration decreases proportionally.

This law forms the foundation of classical mechanics and explains how forces cause objects to move.